沈陽(yáng)世界級(jí)物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)簡(jiǎn)介
一共有三個(gè)：沈陽(yáng)故宮、東陵、北陵.
也就是沈陽(yáng)人常說(shuō)的“一宮兩陵”，沈陽(yáng)也是全國(guó)擁有世界文化遺產(chǎn)最多的城市.
沈陽(yáng)故宮（世界遺產(chǎn)文物保護(hù)單位）后金天命十年(明朝天啟五年，1625年)，滿清政權(quán)奠基人努爾哈赤將都城由遼陽(yáng)改為沈陽(yáng)，并在老沈陽(yáng)舊城中心興建皇家宮殿，以作為滿清早期皇權(quán)象征和參政議政的場(chǎng)所.清世祖福臨也曾在此即位稱帝.直到清朝遷都北京，這座昔日皇家宮殿才成為滿清的陪都宮殿.順治初年，定盛京為國(guó)家的“陪都“，以后又陸續(xù)設(shè)立了盛京戶、禮、兵、刑、工五部和盛京將軍奉天府、承德縣等各衙門于城內(nèi)，負(fù)責(zé)管理這一地區(qū)的相關(guān)事務(wù).盛京宮殿作為清朝的“開國(guó)圣跡“，受到特殊的保護(hù)，日常的管理、守衛(wèi)和修繕均由盛京內(nèi)務(wù)府和盛京工部負(fù)責(zé).總占地面積63272平方米，建筑面積18968平方米.它不僅是中國(guó)僅存的兩大皇家宮殿建筑群之一，也是中國(guó)關(guān)外唯一的一座皇家建筑群.自康熙十年(1671年)，至道光九年(1829年)，康熙、乾隆、嘉慶、道光十次東巡在此駐蹕.乾隆時(shí)期，為清帝東巡駐蹕和恭貯先祖及宮中之物，又加以重修、重建和擴(kuò)建，形成了皇宮與行宮并存建筑風(fēng)格.
沈陽(yáng)故宮按建造時(shí)間前后和空間布局，可以分為3個(gè)部分:東路、中路和西路。東路包括努爾哈赤時(shí)期建造的大政殿與十王亭，是皇帝舉行大典和八旗大臣辦公的地方.中路為清太宗時(shí)期續(xù)建，是皇帝進(jìn)行政治活動(dòng)和后妃居住的場(chǎng)所.西路則是清朝皇帝“東巡“盛京時(shí)，讀書看戲和存放《四庫(kù)全書》的場(chǎng)所。那金龍?bào)粗拇笳?、崇政殿，排如雁行十王亭、古樸典雅的文朔閣，以及鳳凰樓等高臺(tái)建筑，在中國(guó)宮殿建筑史上絕無(wú)僅有；那極富滿族情調(diào)的“宮高殿低”的建筑風(fēng)格，更是“別無(wú)分號(hào)”在建筑藝術(shù)上承襲了中國(guó)古代建筑傳統(tǒng)，集漢、滿、蒙族建筑藝術(shù)為一體，具有很高的古建筑研究?jī)r(jià)值.
沈陽(yáng)故宮是國(guó)家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，是中國(guó)現(xiàn)存最完整的兩座宮殿建筑群之一，現(xiàn)已辟為沈陽(yáng)故宮博物院.
BJ、沈陽(yáng)兩座故宮構(gòu)成了中國(guó)僅存的兩大完整的明清皇宮建筑群.具有極高的歷史文化價(jià)值.
沈陽(yáng)故宮博物院不僅是以其多民族風(fēng)格的宮苑建筑成為著名的旅游勝地，更以其豐富的院藏文物珍寶而享譽(yù)中外.其中，尤以明清宮廷文物彌足珍貴，堪稱國(guó)寶.院藏文物珍寶展是集故宮院藏服飾、琺瑯器、書畫、雕刻品、漆器、瓷器等門類藏品之精粹.這些文物集中體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民高超的工藝水準(zhǔn)和清代宮廷的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，反映了中國(guó)明清時(shí)期生產(chǎn)工藝的水平.具有重要的觀賞價(jià)值和研究?jī)r(jià)值，沈陽(yáng)故宮采用全景數(shù)字化展覽，充分運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代電子設(shè)備和先進(jìn)陳列手段，又保持皇宮古樸風(fēng)貌，使觀者仿佛步入了藝術(shù)圣殿.
在中國(guó)蘇州召開的第28屆世界遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)會(huì)議批準(zhǔn)中國(guó)的沈陽(yáng)故宮作為明清皇宮文化遺產(chǎn)擴(kuò)展項(xiàng)目列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》，沈陽(yáng)故宮以獨(dú)特的歷史、地理?xiàng)l件和濃郁的滿族特色而迥異于北京故宮.
沈陽(yáng)北陵（昭陵）（世界遺產(chǎn)文物保護(hù)單位）
北陵公園（昭陵），是大清第二代開國(guó)君主皇太極與孝端文皇后的陵墓，是清代皇陵和現(xiàn)代園林完美結(jié)合的游覽勝地，面積3.32公頃.
沈陽(yáng)北陵(昭陵)除了葬有帝后外，還葬有關(guān)睢宮宸妃(海蘭珠)、麟趾宮貴妃、洐慶宮淑妃等一批后妃佳麗，是清初關(guān)外陵寢中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一.
昭陵始建于清崇德八年，至順治八年(1651年）基本建成，后歷經(jīng)多次改建和增修而呈現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在的規(guī)模.陵寢建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寢“的陵寢原則自南向北由前、中、后三個(gè)部分組成，其主體建筑都建在中軸線上，兩側(cè)對(duì)稱排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有滿族陵寢的特點(diǎn)，集滿漢風(fēng)格于一體.
北陵公園以其特有的古樸、神秘和具有民族風(fēng)情的中原式園林而聞名天下，成為鑲嵌在沈城大地上的璀璨明珠.
沈陽(yáng)東陵（福陵）（世界遺產(chǎn)文物保護(hù)單位）：清朝開國(guó)皇帝清太祖努爾哈赤和皇后葉赫那拉氏的陵寢，因地處SY市之東，所以，通常被稱為“東陵”.新中國(guó)成立后，將其辟為公園，使昔日皇家禁地，成為廣大人民群眾休閑、娛樂(lè)的好去處.福陵建在距沈陽(yáng)城東10公里的天柱山上，這里地勢(shì)雄偉，丘陵起伏，環(huán)境清幽，景色壯觀，蒼松翠柏，參天蔥郁.福陵前臨滔滔渾河水，后倚綿綿天柱山，碧水索繞，青山似拱，萬(wàn)松疊翠，大殿凌云，別具一種肅穆之感；隕石山風(fēng)景區(qū)——園是全國(guó)第一家隕石公園.其中最大的一塊位于東陵區(qū)李相鎮(zhèn)滑石臺(tái)山，是世界上最大的古隕石。它形成于45億年前，19億年前隕落，堪稱天賜瑰寶，舉世無(wú)雙；沈陽(yáng)滿族民俗村——沈陽(yáng)滿族民俗村坐落在東陵區(qū)李相鎮(zhèn)滑石臺(tái)村，是以滿族民俗風(fēng)情、北方鄉(xiāng)村田園風(fēng)光和體育娛樂(lè)健身相結(jié)合的旅游新景區(qū).中華寺風(fēng)景區(qū)距今有一千多年，位于SY市東陵區(qū)王濱鄉(xiāng)中華寺村與撫順縣拉古鄉(xiāng)劉山村內(nèi)的拉古河畔、中華寺廟山之上，橫跨沈陽(yáng)、撫順兩市，是集佛教、道教于一身的大型宗教旅游風(fēng)景區(qū).
東陵（福陵）是清太祖努爾哈赤及其皇后葉赫納喇氏的陵基，占地500余公頃.
東陵始建于1629年（后金天聰三年），1651年基本建成，后經(jīng)順治、康熙、乾隆多次修建，形成了完整的陵基建筑群.
陵內(nèi)有莊嚴(yán)的正紅門，有生動(dòng)的石獅、石虎、石馬等，有著名的108蹬臺(tái)階，有方城、隆恩殿、東西配殿、大明樓、寶頂?shù)冉ㄖ?
Introduction to Shenyang's world-class material cultural heritage. There are three in total: Shenyang Palace Museum， Dongling， and Beiling
Mukden Palace (World Heritage Site) Ten years after Tianming (the fifth year of Tianqi in the Ming Dynasty， 1625)，Nurhaci， the founder of the Manchu regime， changed the capital from Liaoyang to Shenyang， and built the royal palace in the center of the old city of Shenyang.As a symbol of imperial power in the early Manchu and Qing dynasty and the place to participate in politics， Emperor Fulin of the Qing Dynasty also ascended the throne here. It was not until the Qing Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing that this former imperial palace became the accompanying capital of the Manchu Dynasty. In the early years of Shunzhi， Shengjing was designated as the“alternate capital“ of the country. Later， five ministries of Shengjing household， ceremony， military， punishment and industry were successively set up， and Shengjing general Feng Tianfu， Chengde County and other Yamen were in charge of managing the relevant affairs in this area. Shengjing Palace， as the“founding monument“ of the Qing Dynasty“， under special protection， the daily management， guard and repair are the responsibility of Shengjing Imperial Household Department and Shengjing Ministry of Works. It covers a total area of 63272 square meters， with a building area of 18968 square meters. It is not only one of the only two remaining imperial palace complexes in China， but also the only royal building complex outside the Shanhaiguan Pass in China. From the 10th year of Kangxi's reign (1671) to the 9th year of Daoguang's reign (1829) During the reign of Emperor Kangxi， Emperor Qianlong， Emperor Jiaqing， and Emperor Daoguang， there were ten tours to the east， where they were stationed. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong， they were renovated， rebuilt， and expanded to accommodate the ancestors and objects in the palace， forming a style of architecture where both the palace and the palace coexisted.
The Mukden Palace can be divided into three parts according to the construction time and spatial layout: East Road， Middle Road and West Road. The east road includes the Grand Hall and Ten Kings Pavilion built during the Nurhaci period， where the emperor held the grand ceremony and the officials of the Eight Banners worked. The middle road was built during the Emperor Taizong period of the Qing Dynasty， It is the place where the emperor carries out political activities and his empresses live. The west road is the place where the Qing emperor read and watched plays and stored the Siku Quanshu when he was“touring the east“ of the capital. The Grand Hall of Government and Chongzheng Hall with golden dragon and pan columns， such as the Pavilion of Ten Kings in Flight， the simple and elegant Wenshuo Pavilion， and the Fenghuang Tower， are unique in the history of Chinese palace architecture. The architectural style of“high palace and low hall“ with Manchu flavor is unique in the history of Chinese palace architecture， Moreover，“no other semicolon“ inherits the ancient Chinese architectural tradition in architectural art， integrating Han， Manchu， and Mongolian architectural art， It has high research value in ancient architecture.
Mukden Palace， one of the two most complete palace complexes in China， is a national key cultural relics protection unit. It has been turned into Mukden Palace
The two Forbidden City complexes in Beijing and Shenyang constitute the only remaining two complete Ming and Qing imperial palace complexes in China， with high historical and cultural value.
The Mukden Palace Museum is not only a famous tourist resort for its multi-ethnic palace buildings， but also famous for its rich collection of cultural relics. Among them， the palace relics of the Ming and Qing dynasties are extremely precious， which can be called national treasures The essence of porcelain and other collections. These cultural relics epitomize the superb craftsmanship of the Chinese working people and the artistic style of the imperial court in the Qing Dynasty， and reflect the level of production technology in the Ming and Qing dynasties of China. With important ornamental value and research value， the Mukden Palace adopts panoramic digital exhibition， makes full use of modern electronic equipment and advanced display means， and maintains the ancient and simple style of the imperial palace， making the viewer seem to enter the art temple.
The 28th World Heritage Committee meeting held in Suzhou， China approved China's Mukden Palace to be included in the The World Heritage List as an expansion project of the cultural heritage of the Ming and Qing imperial palaces. Mukden Palace is different from the Beijing Palace Museum with its unique history， geographical conditions and rich Manchu characteristics
Shenyang Beiling (Zhaoling)(World Heritage Site Cultural Relics Protection Unit)
Beiling Park (Zhaoling) is the mausoleum of Hong Taiji， the second founding monarch of the Qing Dynasty， and Empress Xiaoduanwen. It is a tourist attraction that perfectly combines the imperial mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty with modern gardens， with an area of 3.32 hectares
In addition to burying emperors and empresses， Shenyang Beiling (Zhaoling) also buries a group of beautiful empresses such as Consort Chen of Sui Palace (Hailanzhu)， Consort Gui of Linzhi Palace， and Consort Shu of Yanqing Palace. It is the most representative imperial tomb in the early Qing Dynasty and one of the most complete ancient imperial tomb buildings in China
The Zhaoling Mausoleum was first built in the eighth year of Chongde in the Qing Dynasty and was basically completed by the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651). It has undergone multiple renovations and additions to present its current scale. The layout of the mausoleum architecture follows the principle of“front， middle， and back“， consisting of three parts from south to north. The main buildings are built on the central axis， symmetrically arranged on both sides， imitating the characteristics of the Ming Dynasty imperial tomb and the Manchu mausoleum， integrating the Manchu and Han styles
Beiling Park is famous worldwide for its unique ancient， mysterious， and ethnic style Central Plains style gardens， becoming a shining pearl embedded in the land of Shenyang.
Shenyang Dongling (Fuling)(a world heritage site): The mausoleum of Nurhaci， the founding emperor of the Qing Dynasty， and Yehenala， the empress of the Qing Dynasty， is often called“Dongling“ because it is located in the east of Shenyang. After the founding of New China， it was turned into a park， making the former imperial forbidden area a good place for leisure and entertainment for the masses of the people. Fuling was built on Mount Tianzhu， 10 kilometers east of Shenyang， where the terrain is magnificent， The hills are undulating， the environment is quiet， the scenery is spectacular， the pines and cypresses are green， and the sky is lush. In front of Fuling， there is a surging muddy river， and behind it， there is a continuous Mount Tianzhu， surrounded by clear water， green mountains like arches， thousands of pines overlapping green， and the hall is covered with clouds， which gives a special sense of solemnity; Meteorite Hills Scenic Spot - the park is the first meteorite park in China. The largest one is located in the talc mountain in Lixiang Town， Dongling District， and it is the largest ancient meteorite in the world. It was formed 4.5 billion years ago and fell 1.9 billion years ago， making it a godsend treasure unparalleled in the world; Shenyang Manchu Folk Village - Shenyang Manchu Folk Village is located in Huashitai Village， Lixiang Town， Dongling District. It is a new tourist attraction that combines Manchu folk customs， northern rural scenery， and sports， entertainment， and fitness. The Zhonghua Temple Scenic Area has a history of over a thousand years and is located on the banks of the Lagu River in Zhonghua Temple Village， Wangbin Township， Dongling District， Shenyang， and on the mountain of Zhonghua Temple in Liushan Village， Lagu Township， Fushun County. It spans the cities of Shenyang and Fushun， and is a collection of Buddhism A large religious tourism scenic area where Taoism is integrated.
Dongling Tomb (Fuling Tomb) is the base of the tomb of Emperor Taizu Nurhaci and his empress Yehenala， covering an area of more than 500 hectares
The Dongling Mausoleum was first built in 1629 (the third year of the Later Jin Tiancong reign) and was basically completed in 1651. It was later built multiple times by Shunzhi， Kangxi， and Qianlong， forming a complete complex of tomb foundation buildings
In the mausoleum， there are solemn Zhenghong Gate， vivid stone lions， stone tigers， stone horses， etc.， famous 108 steps， Fangcheng， Longen Hall， East West Side Hall， Daming Tower， Baoding and other buildings.
沈陽(yáng)世界級(jí)物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)簡(jiǎn)介
一共有三個(gè)：沈陽(yáng)故宮、東陵、北陵.
也就是沈陽(yáng)人常說(shuō)的「一宮兩陵」，沈陽(yáng)也是全國(guó)擁有世界文化遺產(chǎn)最多的城市.
沈陽(yáng)故宮（世界遺產(chǎn)文物保護(hù)單位）後金天命十年(明朝天啟五年，1625年)，滿清政權(quán)奠基人努爾哈赤將都城由遼陽(yáng)改為沈陽(yáng)，並在老沈陽(yáng)舊城中心興建皇家宮殿，以作為滿清早期皇權(quán)象征和參政議政的場(chǎng)所.清世祖福臨也曾在此即位稱帝.直到清朝遷都BJ，這座昔日皇家宮殿才成為滿清的陪都宮殿.順治初年，定盛京為國(guó)家的「陪都「，以後又陸續(xù)設(shè)立了盛京戶、禮、兵、刑、工五部和盛京將軍奉天府、承德縣等各衙門於城內(nèi)，負(fù)責(zé)管理這一地區(qū)的相關(guān)事務(wù).盛京宮殿作為清朝的「開國(guó)聖跡「，受到特殊的保護(hù)，日常的管理、守衛(wèi)和修繕均由盛京內(nèi)務(wù)府和盛京工部負(fù)責(zé).總占地面積63272平方米，建築面積18968平方米.它不僅是中國(guó)僅存的兩大皇家宮殿建築群之一，也是中國(guó)關(guān)外唯一的一座皇家建築群.自康熙十年(1671年)，至道光九年(1829年)，康熙、乾隆、嘉慶、道光十次東巡在此駐蹕.乾隆時(shí)期，為清帝東巡駐蹕和恭貯先祖及宮中之物，又加以重修、重建和擴(kuò)建，形成了皇宮與行宮並存建築風(fēng)格.
沈陽(yáng)故宮按建造時(shí)間前後和空間布局，可以分為3個(gè)部分:東路、中路和西路。東路包括努爾哈赤時(shí)期建造的大政殿與十王亭，是皇帝舉行大典和八旗大臣辦公的地方.中路為清太宗時(shí)期續(xù)建，是皇帝進(jìn)行政治活動(dòng)和後妃居住的場(chǎng)所.西路則是清朝皇帝「東巡「盛京時(shí)，讀書看戲和存放《四庫(kù)全書》的場(chǎng)所。那金龍?bào)粗拇笳?、崇政殿，排如雁行十王亭、古樸典雅的文朔閣，以及鳳凰樓等高臺(tái)建築，在中國(guó)宮殿建築史上絕無(wú)僅有；那極富滿族情調(diào)的「宮高殿低」的建築風(fēng)格，更是「別無(wú)分號(hào)」在建築藝術(shù)上承襲了中國(guó)古代建築傳統(tǒng)，集漢、滿、蒙族建築藝術(shù)為一體，具有很高的古建築研究?jī)r(jià)值.
沈陽(yáng)故宮是國(guó)家重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，是中國(guó)現(xiàn)存最完整的兩座宮殿建築群之一，現(xiàn)已辟為沈陽(yáng)故宮博物院.
BJ、沈陽(yáng)兩座故宮構(gòu)成了中國(guó)僅存的兩大完整的明清皇宮建築群.具有極高的歷史文化價(jià)值.
沈陽(yáng)故宮博物院不僅是以其多民族風(fēng)格的宮苑建築成為著名的旅遊勝地，更以其豐富的院藏文物珍寶而享譽(yù)中外.其中，尤以明清宮廷文物彌足珍貴，堪稱國(guó)寶.院藏文物珍寶展是集故宮院藏服飾、琺瑯器、書畫、雕刻品、漆器、瓷器等門類藏品之精粹.這些文物集中體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民高超的工藝水準(zhǔn)和清代宮廷的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，反映了中國(guó)明清時(shí)期生產(chǎn)工藝的水平.具有重要的觀賞價(jià)值和研究?jī)r(jià)值，沈陽(yáng)故宮采用全景數(shù)字化展覽，充分運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代電子設(shè)備和先進(jìn)陳列手段，又保持皇宮古樸風(fēng)貌，使觀者仿佛步入了藝術(shù)聖殿.
在中國(guó)蘇州召開的第28屆世界遺產(chǎn)委員會(huì)會(huì)議批準(zhǔn)中國(guó)的沈陽(yáng)故宮作為明清皇宮文化遺產(chǎn)擴(kuò)展項(xiàng)目列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》，沈陽(yáng)故宮以獨(dú)特的歷史、地理?xiàng)l件和濃郁的滿族特色而迥異於BJ故宮.
沈陽(yáng)北陵（昭陵）（世界遺產(chǎn)文物保護(hù)單位）
北陵公園（昭陵），是大清第二代開國(guó)君主皇太極與孝端文皇後的陵墓，是清代皇陵和現(xiàn)代園林完美結(jié)合的遊覽勝地，面積3.32公頃.
沈陽(yáng)北陵(昭陵)除了葬有帝後外，還葬有關(guān)睢宮宸妃(海蘭珠)、麟趾宮貴妃、洐慶宮淑妃等一批後妃佳麗，是清初關(guān)外陵寢中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我國(guó)現(xiàn)存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建築之一.
昭陵始建於清崇德八年，至順治八年(1651年）基本建成，後歷經(jīng)多次改建和增修而呈現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在的規(guī)模.陵寢建築的平面布局遵循「前朝後寢「的陵寢原則自南向北由前、中、後三個(gè)部分組成，其主體建築都建在中軸線上，兩側(cè)對(duì)稱排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有滿族陵寢的特點(diǎn)，集滿漢風(fēng)格於一體.
北陵公園以其特有的古樸、神秘和具有民族風(fēng)情的中原式園林而聞名天下，成為鑲嵌在沈城大地上的璀璨明珠.
沈陽(yáng)東陵（福陵）（世界遺產(chǎn)文物保護(hù)單位）：清朝開國(guó)皇帝清太祖努爾哈赤和皇後葉赫那拉氏的陵寢，因地處沈陽(yáng)市之東，所以，通常被稱為「東陵」.新中國(guó)成立後，將其辟為公園，使昔日皇家禁地，成為廣大人民群眾休閑、娛樂(lè)的好去處.福陵建在距沈陽(yáng)城東10公裏的天柱山上，這裏地勢(shì)雄偉，丘陵起伏，環(huán)境清幽，景色壯觀，蒼松翠柏，參天蔥郁.福陵前臨滔滔渾河水，後倚綿綿天柱山，碧水索繞，青山似拱，萬(wàn)松疊翠，大殿淩雲(yún)，別具一種肅穆之感；隕石山風(fēng)景區(qū)——園是全國(guó)第一家隕石公園.其中最大的一塊位於東陵區(qū)李相鎮(zhèn)滑石臺(tái)山，是世界上最大的古隕石。它形成於45億年前，19億年前隕落，堪稱天賜瑰寶，舉世無(wú)雙；沈陽(yáng)滿族民俗村——沈陽(yáng)滿族民俗村坐落在東陵區(qū)李相鎮(zhèn)滑石臺(tái)村，是以滿族民俗風(fēng)情、北方鄉(xiāng)村田園風(fēng)光和體育娛樂(lè)健身相結(jié)合的旅遊新景區(qū).中華寺風(fēng)景區(qū)距今有一千多年，位於沈陽(yáng)市東陵區(qū)王濱鄉(xiāng)中華寺村與撫順縣拉古鄉(xiāng)劉山村內(nèi)的拉古河畔、中華寺廟山之上，橫跨沈陽(yáng)、撫順兩市，是集佛教、道教於一身的大型宗教旅遊風(fēng)景區(qū).
東陵（福陵）是清太祖努爾哈赤及其皇後葉赫納喇氏的陵基，占地500余公頃.
東陵始建於1629年（後金天聰三年），1651年基本建成，後經(jīng)順治、康熙、乾隆多次修建，形成了完整的陵基建築群.
陵內(nèi)有莊嚴(yán)的正紅門，有生動(dòng)的石獅、石虎、石馬等，有著名的108蹬臺(tái)階，有方城、隆恩殿、東西配殿、大明樓、寶頂?shù)冉êB.